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各位朋友，大家好，现在是“每天健康三分钟”时间，我是道简-心血管康复集团的护士侯思家，今天有我来给大家讲讲高血压有哪些危害。
高血压早期无明显病理改变，长期的高血压引起全身小动脉病变，小动脉中层平滑肌细胞增殖和纤维化，管壁增厚和管腔狭窄，导致重要靶器官心、脑、肾组织缺血，长期高血压及伴随的危险因素可促进动脉粥样硬化的形成。
高血压危害一:心脏
高血压对心脏的损害主要是冠状动脉血管，长期的高血压使冠状动脉发生粥样硬化，冠状动脉狭窄，使供应心肌的血液减少，称之为冠心病，或称缺血性心脏病。
高血压危害二:脑
长期的高血压使脑血管发生缺血与变性，容易形成脑动脉瘤，从而发生脑出血。高血压促使脑动脉动粥样硬化，可并发脑血栓的形成。脑小动脉闭塞性病变引起腔隙性脑梗塞。脑出血是晚期高血压病的最常见并发症。脑出血一般病死率较高，即使是幸存者也遗留偏瘫或失语等后遗症。所以防治脑出血的关键是平时有效地控制血压。
高血压危害三:肾脏
长期持续的高血压使肾小球内囊压力升高，肾小球纤维化、萎缩，以及肾动脉硬化，因肾实质缺血和肾单位不断减少，最终导致肾功能衰竭，随着病情的不断发展，肾脏的表面呈颗粒状，表层变薄，由于肾单位的不断破坏，肾脏出现萎缩，继而发生肾功能不全并发展为尿毒症。
高血压危害四;视网膜
高血压使视网膜小动脉早期发生痉挛，中心反射变窄，动脉管径狭窄;如血压长时间增高，视网膜动脉出现硬化改变，动脉发生银线反应，动静脉出现交叉
随着病情的发展，视网膜可出现出血、渗出、水肿，严重时出现视神经乳头水肿。时间长久，这些渗出物质就沉积视网膜上，眼底出现放射状腊样小黄点，此时可引起病人的视觉障碍，如视物不清，视物变形或变小等。
高血压是心脑血管的首要危险因素，其引起的脑卒中、心肌梗死等心脑血管疾病已成为我国的第一杀手，尽管目前治疗手段很多，但大多数患者并没有达到推荐的血压控制目标。如果不进行治疗，高血压导致脑卒中、动脉硬化、心肌梗死、充血性心力衰竭、肾衰和失明，因此，高血压患者应做到早诊断、早发现、早治疗，将高血压的危害降到最低。
【英文版】
what are the dangers of high blood pressure
Dear friends, nice to meet you!Now it is time for “health talk for three minutes every day”,My name is Hou Sijia, a nurse of Daojian Doctor Group of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation.Today, I'd like to talk about the hazards of hypertension.
There is no obvious pathological change in the early stage of hypertension. Long term hypertension causes systemic arteriole lesions, proliferation and fibrosis of smooth muscle cells in the middle of arteriole, thickening of tube wall and stenosis of tube lumen, leading to ischemia of important target organs such as heart, brain and kidney. Long term hypertension and its associated risk factors can promote the formation of atherosclerosis.
The first hypertension hazard: heart
The damage of hypertension to the heart is mainly coronary artery, long-term hypertension makes coronary artery atherosclerosis, coronary artery stenosis, reduce the blood supply to the myocardium, which is called coronary heart disease, or ischemic heart disease.
The second hypertension harm: brain
Long term hypertension causes cerebral ischemia and degeneration, easy to form cerebral aneurysms, resulting in cerebral hemorrhage.Hypertension promotes cerebral atherosclerosis, which can be complicated with cerebral thrombosis. Lacunar infarction is caused by occlusion of cerebral arterioles. Cerebral hemorrhage is the most common complication of advanced hypertension. The mortality of intracerebral hemorrhage is generally high, and even survivors have sequelae such as hemiplegia or aphasia. So the key of prevention and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage is to control blood pressure effectively.
