央行行长易纲：货币政策将继续从总量上发力以支持经济复苏
为促进绿色转型，人民银行做了很多工作。人民银行于2018年将优质绿色债券和贷款纳入中期借贷便利的合格抵押品范围，并在去年推出了碳减排支持工具和支持煤炭清洁高效利用专项再贷款两个新的货币政策工具，利率均为1.75%，支持符合条件的金融机构为具有显著碳减排效应的项目提供低成本融资。
截至今年5月末，人民银行通过两个工具向相关金融机构累计发放资金2100多亿元，带动减少碳排放超6000万吨二氧化碳当量，约占中国年碳排放量的0.6%。
此外，去年5月，人民银行修订印发《银行业金融机构绿色金融评价方案》，将金融机构发放绿色贷款和绿色债券业务纳入央行金融机构评级，以鼓励金融机构为绿色转型提供支持。
上述机制有助于绿色融资快速增长。截至2022年3月，中国绿色贷款余额已超过18万亿元，增长迅速。中国境内绿色债券余额约1.3万亿元，在全球位居前列。
总之，央行可以在绿色转型中发挥作用，提高全社会对绿色转型益处的认识至关重要。
CGTN: What has the PBOC done to improve climate information disclosure and prevent fake reporting? What are some achievements?
记者：人民银行在完善绿色信息披露、防止造假等方面做了哪些工作？取得了哪些成效？
Yi Gang: This is very important. The disclosure is important and key issue in green transition. For fair and efficient implementation of green monetary policy tools, we should guard against different kinds of moral hazards, such as green-washing, low-cost fund arbitrage, and green project fraud. Therefore, information disclosure and strict supervision are needed when we design and implement green monetary policy tools. For example, the carbon emission reduction facility requires banks to disclose information on their websites on a quarterly basis about loan amount, interest rate, number of supported projects, and especially, quantity of carbon reduction. The People's Bank of China will verify the information together with other ministries and independent third-party institutions. It is also important for the general public to know this and help to watch.
To promote better management of climate risk, the People's Bank of China conducted the first climate risk stress testing last year, where the biggest challenge was insufficient information disclosure.
To promote climate information disclosure, the PBOC released the Guideline on Environmental Information Disclosure for Financial Institutions last year, defining requirements on the form, frequency, qualitative and quantitative information of the disclosure, and has guided over 200 financial institutions to prepare environmental information disclosure reports, including procedures to identify and assess, manage and control environmental risks, issuance of green loans and reduced emissions, as verified by third-party agencies. Going forward, we plan to expand the pilot program nationwide.
易纲：信息披露十分重要，是促进绿色转型的关键。为公平高效地实施绿色货币政策工具，在实践中需注意防范“洗绿”、低成本资金套利、绿色项目造假等各类道德风险问题，因此，在设计和实施支持绿色转型的货币政策工具的全过程中，均要做到信息公开透明、监管严格到位。例如，碳减排支持工具要求金融机构按季度公开披露其发放的碳减排贷款金额、利率、支持项目数，以及贷款带动的碳减排数量等信息，人民银行将会同其他部门和独立的第三方专业机构对披露信息进行核实，公众知悉并对此进行监督也十分重要。
为推动管理气候风险，人民银行去年开展了首次气候风险压力测试，从测试情况看，碳排放信息披露不充分仍是面临的最大挑战。
为促进气候信息披露，人民银行去年发布了《金融机构环境信息披露指南》，对金融机构环境信息披露的形式、频次、应披露的定性及定量信息等方面提出要求，并已指导200余家金融机构试编制环境信息披露报告，包括环境风险的识别、评估、管理、控制流程，经第三方专业机构核实验证的发放碳减排贷款的情况及其带动的碳减排规模等信息，未来将适时推广到全国。
CGTN: The PBOC has been actively advancing international cooperation in green finance through multilateral and bilateral platforms. What role has the PBOC played in developing global green finance?
记者：人民银行一直通过多边和双边平台积极推动绿色金融国际合作。在推动国际绿色金融发展方面，人民银行扮演了怎样的角色？
