甜味剂的使用目前已经非常广泛,能够作为糖的替代品又不会提供过多卡路里,目前甜味剂普遍被认为是安全的。但是也有一些动物实验发现甜味剂表现出了微生物组扰动和葡萄糖耐受不良。三氯蔗糖、阿斯巴甜和糖精已被证明会破坏人类和动物模型中的微生物组平衡和多样性;食品中常用的乳化剂,也在一些动物模型中被发现影响了肠道菌群的多样性,导致拟杆菌和疣微菌减少,促炎变形菌增多。
对于肠道微生物组及其对肿瘤的影响,科学家的探索才刚刚起步,随着新技术的应用以及更加深入的研究,科学家们一定会通过肠道微生物组,进一步优化目前肿瘤的预防和治疗的策略,让人们真正从科学研究的硕果中获益。
(作者周昌明,系复旦大学附属肿瘤医院肿瘤预防部公共卫生主管医师,流行病学博士)
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作者:周昌明