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上周张阿姨单位组织爬山,回来后感觉膝盖进风、腿酸痛,上下楼时关节还嘎吱嘎吱响,医生说是膝关节炎,这病是咋回事?今天我就和大家聊聊。
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关节炎是发病率位居世界第一的致残疾病,我国关节炎患者超过1亿,其中膝关节炎的发病率最高。膝关节承担着上半身及大腿的重量,正常膝关节主要由两块负重骨组成,两块骨头各有一层软骨保护,且中间还有半月板(可以理解为垫片)保护。软骨和垫片能帮助膝关节分担压力、减少摩擦,所有日常活动都会不断地磨损软骨,日复一日,软骨和垫片最终被磨坏了,导致两块骨头直接发生摩擦,久而久之形成膝关节炎,严重者还会致残,后果这么可怕,我们做好预防就很重要了。
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膝关节炎的症状都有哪些呢?1.疼痛:长时间走路、上下楼梯后,膝盖内侧疼痛感明显;2.肿胀:常发生在膝盖上方大腿前,或膝盖下发凹陷处;3.怕冷、怕风、怕湿:症状一般在入冬后加重,夏天减轻;4.无力:膝关节周围的肌肉力量下降,出现膝关节无力、腿软等;5.僵硬:早晨起床或久坐变动姿势时,关节僵硬,活动后症状减轻;6.畸形:关节出现膝外翻(X型腿)、膝内翻(O型腿)等畸形;当出现上述这类情况时就应该及时前往医院就诊,行相关检查,明确诊断。
良好的生活习惯可以预防:
1控制体重:体重每增加10公斤,膝盖承重就增加20-80公斤;步行时,膝盖承受的力量是体重的2-3倍;上下楼梯时,则达到3-4倍;蹲下时达到8倍,所以我们要避免肥胖,控制体重;
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2. 科学运动:推荐平地行走、骑自行车、游泳、太极拳等有氧运动,现在流行的广场舞会对膝关节的损耗较大,中老年人应量力而行,运动前做好热身准备,运动时佩带护膝,穿舒适的运动鞋,运动的强度和时间量力而行,避免过度运动,运动中出现膝关节疼痛,应立即停止,进行休息;
3. 避免久坐和不良姿势:久坐会使膝关节周围肌肉组织日渐萎缩,久而久之,关节失去保护,损伤几率也随之增加,翘“二郎腿”、长时间蹲跪等不良姿势也会对膝关节造成损伤;
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4. 避免膝关节外伤及过度使用,常穿高跟鞋的女性,膝关节很容易受伤;
5. 适时补钙:随着年龄的增长,应在医生的指导下,科学补充钙剂,尤其是40岁以上女性;
6. 注意膝关节保暖,冬天加秋裤、毛裤,不仅保暖,也可以保护膝关节。
如果不幸患有膝关节炎,首先选择改变生活方式,若不能缓解,应在医生指导下使用药物治疗,如口服药、关节内药物注射等,还可配合理疗、局部外敷药膏或膝部支具治疗。若药物疗效差,说明病情进入中晚期,建议手术治疗。
最后提醒一句,膝关节的养护,年轻时就应该重视起来,避免老来遭罪。
【英文版】
Six things help to protect your knees
Aunt Zhang's unit organized mountain climbing,After coming back, she felt knees ached, leg ached, and the joints creaked as she went up and down stairs,the doctor said it is knee arthritis, what is it? Today, I will talk with you about arthritis.
Arthritis is the No.1 disease in the world that can cause disability,More than 100 million people suffer from arthritis in China, and among them, the incidence of knee arthritis is the highest.The knee joint bears the weight of the upper body and thighs,and the normal knee joint is mainly composed of two weight-bearing bones, each bone is protected by a layer of cartilage, and between them is a meniscus which can be understood as gasket.Cartilage and gasket can help to share pressure and reduce friction in the knees,and all daily activities will wear cartilage constantly.Day after day, cartilage and gasket are eventually worn out,resulting in direct friction between the two bones,which can lead to knee arthritis over time,severe cases will lead to disability.The consequences are so terrible, so it's very important to take precautions.