冠心病患者心脏康复训练内容，你应该知道
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各位朋友：
大家好，现在是“每天健康三分钟”时间，我是道简-心血管康复医生集团护士李佳念，今天我们来共同学习下关于心脏康复的一些小知识。
世界卫生组织将心脏康复训练定义为:尽可能确保心脏病患者拥有良好的身体、精神、社会生活状况所必须的行动总和，主要有以下几个内容:
1.呼吸训练：缩唇呼吸，指吸气时用鼻子，而呼气时嘴呈缩唇状施加阻力以控制呼气缓慢进行的呼吸方法。腹式呼吸，放松肩部将一只手放在胸前，另一只手放在腹部，用鼻子吸气，当通过缩唇缓慢呼气时，轻轻往下按腹部。
2.咳嗽训练：正确步骤为:深吸气以达到必要的吸气容量，短暂屏住呼吸以使气体在肺内得到最大分布，关闭声门以进一-步增强气道中的压力，增加腹内压来进一步增加胸内压，声门突然打开，形成由肺内冲出的高速气流，促使分泌物移动，随咳嗽排出体外。
3.排痰训练：通过改变患者的体位进行体位引流，胸部叩击、震颤及咳嗽训练促进患者肺部痰液排出的训练方法。那么，什么患者需要排痰呢?排痰训练顾名思义是针对肺部痰液排出不畅者，诸如高位截瘫患者、长期卧床、气管插管及气管切开的患者，此类患者肺部的分泌物潴留，易阻碍肺通气和肺部感染。
4.离床训练：方法：坐位一站位一扶床移动-独立移步-室内走动。患者出院后还应继续做上述动作。运动幅度和运动量可逐渐增加，如步行训练可由慢步街逐步过渡到上楼梯，快步行走，小儿心脏手术刀口愈合后，还要练习扩臂运动，防止“鸡胸”。
5.注意事项：任何人，如果在运动结束10分钟后，心跳次数每分钟仍在100次以上，则不应再加大运动量，应根据情况适当减少运动量；运动量应从小到大，时间从短到长，循序渐进；进餐与运动至少间隔1小时以上；运动最适宜的温度是4℃--30℃；运动时若出现头晕，头痛，心慌，恶心，呕吐等不适症状时，应立刻停止，必要时需就医。
最后祝大家生活愉快，身体健康！想了解更多冠心病科普小知识，请关注我们，咱们下期见。
【英文版】
Content of cardiac rehabilitation training for patients with coronary heart disease
Dear friends, nice to meet you!Now it is time for “health talk for three minutes every day”,My name is Li Jianian, a nurse of Daojian Doctor Group of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation and Henan Zhonghui Cardiovascular Hospital.Today, we're going to learn some knowledge about cardiac rehabilitation.
The World Health Organization defines heart rehabilitation training as the sum of actions necessary to ensure that patients with heart disease have good physical, mental and social living conditions as far as possible.The main contents are as follows.
Breathing training.
Retracted lip breathing refers to the method of breathing with the nose when inhaling and the mouth in the form of retracting lips when exhaling, so as to exert resistance to control the slow progress of exhalation. Use abdominal breathing, relax the shoulders, put one hand in front of the chest, the other hand on the abdomen,inhale through the nose, slowly exhale through the retracted lips, while gently pressing the abdomen with the hand.
Cough training.
The correct steps of coughing are as follows: inhale deeply to achieve the necessary inspiratory capacity,hold the breath briefly to maximize the distribution of gas in the lung, close the glottis to further increase the pressure in the airway, increase the intra-abdominal pressure to further increase the intrathoracic pressure,and then suddenly open the glottis to form a high-speed airflow from the lung,which can promote secretion movement and discharge with cough.
Expectoration training
Expectoration training is a kind of training method that can drain sputum by changing the patient's position,and promote the sputum excretion through chest percussion, tremor and cough training.what kind of patients need sputum training? Sputum training is mainly aimed at patients with poor sputum excretion, such as paraplegia patients, long term bedridden patients, tracheal intubation and tracheotomy patients.Pulmonary secretions in these patients are easy to obstruct lung ventilation and cause lung infection.
