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“最佳”糖化血红蛋白究竟该控制到多少?

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[4]American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic targets:standards of medical care in diabetes–2020. DiabetesCare 43, S66–S76 (2020).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[5]Buse, J. B. et al. 2019 Update to: Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study ofDiabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 43, 487–493(2020).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[6]Garber, A. J. et al. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologistsand American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes managementalgorithm – 2017 executive summary. Endocr. Pract.23, 207–238 (2017).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[7]Garber, A. J. et al. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologistsand American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes managementalgorithm – 2017 executive summary. Endocr. Pract.23, 207–238 (2017).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[8]Qaseem, A. et al. Hemoglobin A1c targets for glycemic control with pharmacologic therapy for nonpregnantadults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a guidancestatement update from the American College of Physicians. Ann. Intern. Med. 168, 569–576 (2018).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[9]Ray, K. K. et al. Effect of intensive control of glucose on cardiovascular outcomes and death in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 373, 1765–1772 (2009).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[10]Turnbull, F. M. et al. Intensive glucose control and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia 52, 2288–2298 (2009).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[11]Rawshani, A. et al. Risk factors, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 379, 633–644 (2018) Ecb拜客生活常识网

[12]Currie, C. J. et al. Survival as a function of HbA(1c)in people with type 2 diabetes using differing glucoselowering regimens. Diabetologia 59, S157–S157(2016).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[13]Currie, C. J. & Poole, C. D. Survival as a function of HbA(1c) in people with type 2 diabetes reply. Lancet375, 1434–1435 (2010) Ecb拜客生活常识网

[14]Raghavan, S. et al. Diabetes mellitus-related all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a nationalcohort of adults. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 8, e011295(2019) Ecb拜客生活常识网

[15]Gerstein, H. C. et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 358,2545–2559 (2008).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[16]Laiteerapong, N. et al. The legacy effect in type 2 diabetes: impact of early glycemic control on future complications (the Diabetes & Aging Study).Diabetes Care 42, 416–426 (2019). Ecb拜客生活常识网

[17]Rawshani, A. et al. Risk factors, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 379, 633–644 (2018) Ecb拜客生活常识网

[18]Beck, R. W., Connor, C. G., Mullen, D. M., Wesley, D. M. & Bergenstal, R. M. The fallacy of average: how using HbA1c alone to assess glycemic control can be misleading. Diabetes Care 40, 994–999 (2017).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[19]Diabetes Research in Children Network (DIRECNET)Study Group. Relationship of A1C to glucoseconcentrations in children with type 1 diabetes:assessments by high-frequency glucosedeterminations by sensors. Diabetes Care 31,381–385 (2008). Ecb拜客生活常识网

[20]Dagogo-Jack, S. Pitfalls in the use of HbA1c as a diagnostic test: the ethnic conundrum. Nat. Rev.Endocrinol. 6, 589–593 (2010).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[21]Snieder, H. et al. HbA(1c) levels are genetically determined even in type 1 diabetes: evidence from healthy and diabetic twins. Diabetes 50, 2858–2863(2001).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[22]Welsh, K. J., Kirkman, M. S. & Sacks, D. B. Role of glycated proteins in the diagnosis and management of diabetes: research gaps and future directions.Diabetes Care 39, 1299–1306 (2016).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[23]Campbell, L., Pepper, T. & Shipman, K. HbA1c:a review of non-glycaemic variables. J. Clin. Pathol. 72,12–19 (2019).Ecb拜客生活常识网

[24]Nielsen, L. R. et al. HbA1c levels are significantly lower in early and late pregnancy. Diabetes Care 27,1200–1201 (2004).[25]Bry, L., Chen, P. C. & Sacks, D. B. Effects of hemoglobin variants and chemically modifiedderivatives on assays for glycohemoglobin. Clin. Chem.47, 153–163 (2001). Ecb拜客生活常识网

[26]Accord Study Group. Nine-year effects of 3.7 years of intensive glycemic control on cardiovascular outcomes.Diabetes Care 39, 701–708 (2016). Ecb拜客生活常识网

[27]Lind, M. et al. HbA1c level as a risk factor for retinopathy and nephropathy in children and adults with type 1 diabetes: Swedish population based cohort study. BMJ 366, l4894 (2019).Ecb拜客生活常识网

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